Nutrition support Programs in schools are known as one of the most important and effective tools to improve the nutritional and educational status of children. One of these Programs is the school milk Program, which can have positive effects on the health, education, and economy of the society. In this advocacy paper, solutions are presented to facilitate the continuation of this Program after mentioning the strengths and challenges of this Program.

Background and Aims: Overlapping of the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth in the panoramic radiography is a major concern. Therefore, an option has been developed in the panoramic unit of Planmeca Promax, namely improved interproximal mode. This mode causes lower horizental angle with the teeth contact region during the unit rotation decreasing overlapping of the panoramic images of the posterior teeth especially premolar teeth. The present study was done to compare the overlapping of posterior teeth using two techniques of improved interproximal panoramic Program and standard panoramic.Materials and Methods: In this diagnostic study, 32 patients requiring panoramic radiographies at their posterior teeth during their routine diagnosis and treatment process with the mean age of 27.3 years were participated. No patients showed crowding of posterior teeth or missed and restored posterior teeth. The participants' panoramic radiographies were randomly taken by two techniques of improved interproximal panoramic and standard panoramic using Planmeca Promax device. The overlapping of the panoramic images was blindly assessed by an oral radiologist. The overlapping in both techniques was reported by frequency and percentage. The comparisons were done by Chi-square test between two techniques and the odds ratio of overlapping was estimated using regression analysis.Results: In standard panoramic techniques, 38.5% (148 contacts of 384 contacts) of the proximal surfaces overlapped while the overlapping of the proximal surfaces was observed in 18.8% (72 contacts of 384 overall contacts) in improved interproximal technique. Significant differences were noted between two techniques regarding overlapping (P<0.001). Also 66.4% and 39.1% of 4-5 teeth contacts overlapped in standard and improved techniques. The values were reported to be 39.1% and 12.5% in contacts of 5-6 teeth and 10.2% and 4.7% in the contacts of 6-7 teeth in both techniques, respectively. The overlapping odds ratio in improved technique as compared to standard techniques was 2.72 more. While the odds ratio of overlapping in the contact regions of 4-5 and 5-6 teeth was 16.4 and 4.61 as compared to the contact region of 6-7 teeth (all: P<0.001). The lower or upper jaw with the patients' mouth side did not significantly influence the overlapping of the proximal surfaces in both panoramic techniques.Conclusion: Under the limitations of this study, improved interproximal panoramic significantly reduced the overlapping of proximal surfaces in the panoramic radiographies of posterior teeth as compared to the standard panoramic technique. Therefore, it can be used to detect proximal caries in the posterior teeth as a diagnostic tool. Using this option may affect other part of panoramic image which should be investigated in other research.

Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most preventable causes of mental retardation and can be detected through neonatal screening; it is estimated 1200 CH patients are born in Iran, annually. The aim of this investigation was to provide a report on the outcome and estimate the cost benefit ratio of the screening Program implementation for CH in Iran based on the pilot study.Materials and Methods: The cost of the screening Program for CH for each newborn was based on data gathered from the pilot study of three provinces and the amount then multiplied by the number of births per year. The care cost of mentally retarded individuals is calculated based on the Welfare budget of caring for these people.Results: Total cost of implementation of the neonatal screening Program for CH during the first year is 16, 256, 400, 000 Rials ($ 2, 000, 000). The ratio of the cost of care for the children to the cost of implementation of the screening Program is about 1 to 16 and the ratio of the benefit (cost saving) to the implementation cost is 1 to 15.Conclusion: The neonatal screening Program for CH has a very high potential for implementation in the country. As a result, the implementation of the CH screening Program as the first screening of newborns provides a basis for better understanding and timely detection of CH and other metabolic diseases in Iran.

Pores affect functionally graded materials. Further characteristics may be added if pores expand from the surface to the interior. Functionally graded porous beam (FGPB) bending response is analyzed using a specific shear shape function that accounts for both uniform and uneven porosity distributions. Power law changes the material characteristics of FGPBs with uniform and uneven porosity distributions along length and thickness. In order to determine the maximum transverse deflections, axial stresses, transverse shear stresses, and normal stresses in simply-supported and clamped-clamped beams, numerical calculations are performed with various gradation exponents, aspect ratios (L/h), and porosity levels (both even and uneven). The obtained results are compared with earlier investigations and justified.

Background & Purpose: In previous studies success rates of BLRree. and R& R surgeries on. basic exotropic patients have been reported 43-79% and 82% respectively. The aim of ibis study was comparison of these two techniques of surgeons on our XT. patients at Imarn Hossein Medical Center.Method & Pantients: After filling up personal and family characteristics form, complete eye examinations (B.C.V.A- Cycloretfaction- EOM- XT at 6m and 33 cm - slit and funds exam) were performed. Measurements were repeated at least 1.5 months after surgeries. Because of lower vision in R&R group, 5 pd more surgery were done to stabilize the deviated eye after operation. The patients were matched (range of age, sex, S.E of reflection, sergeon, followup). The results were interpretated by T, paired T and x and fisher tests.Results: 26 patients were in BLRree. and 21 pts. Were in R&R group. Their ages were 9±7 and 19±9 years, preop xT were 29±8 and 36±17 which decreased to 5±7 and 5±10 pd respectively. Success rates of these techniques were not different statistically. In BLRree. Group 69%,ortho (+8 pd) 27% under and 4% over and In. P&R group 81% ortho, 14% under and 5% over were seen.Conclusion: In our study these two methods of surgeries had no different statistically. More success rate in R&R group (81%) was due to both effects of 5 pd more operation and stabilizing effect of MR Rec.against it's direct antagonist muscle recession.